According to the Czech government:
U.S. citizens* studying in the Czech Republic for less than 90 days are NOT required to obtain a student visa. If you surpass this allotted time you may be subject to fines, arrest, and/or expulsion from the country. Please note: The consulate may not issue a student visa if your academic program is less than 90 days.

U.S. citizens* studying in the Czech Republic for 90 days or more ARE REQUIRED to obtain a student visa.

*If you are a non-U.S. citizen, please contact your local consulate for visa regulations and requirements.

Consulate Information
You must apply for your student visa through the Czech consulate that has jurisdiction over your permanent state of residence. Rules and regulations for student visas are constantly changing and each Czech consulate in the US functions independently. It is imperative that you contact your consulate immediately to obtain an official list of requirements and regulations.

General Information
-As of September 1st, 2007, you do NOT need to apply in person, but please verify this with your local consulate as regulations can change.
-You should download a Czech visa application from your Czech consulate immediately since visa processing can take AT LEAST 90 days once your application is received. You will be applying for a Schengen Visa (visit www.eurovisa.info for more information).
-Once your student visa is granted, it will be valid for 180 days within a twelve month period.

Note: Embassy and consulate contact information is subject to change without notice. Please refer to the website of the embassy or consulate to verify information.

In order to find contact information for your specific consulate, please choose the state or region of your permanent residence from the dropdown box below, and click submit to continue.